The Basics of the Muslim’s Prayer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Introduction
The five prayers are among the best acts
of worship that the Muslim performs.
Performing them is the best deed
after having the correct belief in God and His Messenger.
Prophet Muhammad,
may Allah raise his rank, was asked what the best deed was and he
said
it was performing the obligatory prayers at the beginning of their times
(al-Bayhaqiyy):
When we say “prayers” we are referring
to an act of worshipping God which has a specific
format as God revealed to Prophet Muhammad, may Allah raise his rank. The prophets from Prophet Adam to Prophet Muhammad, may Allah raise their rank, ordered their followers to pray as per God’s orders.
Since the prayer is the most important
matter of Islam after having the correct belief in God and
His Messenger, one must plan his life around the prayer. It would be a great sin to neglect praying when at work if a prayer was required at that time. If a believer is shopping at the mall or waiting at the airport and there is no way to get home or to a mosque, he is still obligated to perform the prayer within its due time instead of purposely leaving out or delaying the prayer. This indicates the importance of the obligatory prayer. Doing the obligatory prayer on time takes priority over other non-obligatory matters. Chapter 1: Preparations Before Praying
There are five prayers which are obligatory
and rewardable. There are other prayers which are
rewardable but optional to perform. The optional prayers require the same preparation as the five required prayers. There are several requirements of the person who performs the prayer. The person praying must be Muslim and must have reached the state of mental discrimination which is usually around seven lunar years (about 6 3/4 solar years). Taharah (Purification)
The Muslim must have the proper Taharah
(purification) before performing the prayers. This comprises
the removal of najas (filthy) substances and performing wudu’ (ablution) or ghusl (full shower). Removal of Najas (Filthy substances)
Islamically, there are substances that
are considered filthy and must not be on the person’s body, clothes,
place of prayer, or even carried when praying. Some of these substances include urine, feces, blood, vomit, pus, and discharges from the penis and vagina, except maniyy (semen and the woman’s fluid of orgasm) which is not filthy.
To clean oneself after urinating and defecating,
the person dries himself of all urine with toilet paper after
urinating, and then pours water on the areas where the urine was. In the case of defecation, the person is correct if he removes the defecation with toilet paper and then pours water on the stained area to remove the traces. It is also acceptable to use either toilet paper or water only. However, the exclusive use of toilet paper has conditions. The urine must not go beyond the exit area and must not dry there. Also, one’s defecation must not spread past the area of the buttocks which comes together when one is standing. Wudu' (Ablution)
Allah revealed:
قال
الله تعالى:
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ ءامَنُواْ
إِذَا قُمْتُمْ
إِلَى الصَّلاةِ
فاغْسِلُواْ
وُجُوهَكُمْ
وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ
إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ
وَامْسَحُواْ
بِرُؤُوسِكُمْ
وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ
إِلَى الْكَعْبَينِ
This verse from the Qur’an means: “0 you
who believe, if you stand up for prayer, wash your face and arms up
to [and including] the elbows and wet wipe [part of] your head and wash
your feet up to [and including] the ankles.” (al-Ma’idah, 6)
Wudu' (Ablution) has obligatory and recommended
parts. The obligatory parts are those parts which if left out the wudu'
is not valid. The recommended parts are those parts which if left out
the wudu' would still be valid, but one misses out on that reward. The
wudu’ must be made with water only.
How to Perform Wudu’
Benefit
It is preferred to use a small amount of
water in wudu’ and ghusl. It is mentioned in Sahih Muslim that the Messenger
of Allah
used a mudd مد
(about half a cup) of water for wudu' and a sa^
صاع
(about a pint) for ghusl. A mudd is the fill of a pair of average-sized
hands cupped together. The sa^ is four mudds. It is also mentioned in
Sahih Muslim that the Messenger of Allah
used six (6) mudds (about 3 cups) of water for wudu’ and thirty (30)
mudds (about one cup less than a gallon) for ghusl.Invalidators of Wudu'
If you have wudu' and any of the matters
which invalidate wudu’ takes place, you must not pray until you make
a new wudu' Among the invalidators of wudu' are:
1.
The emission of any substance from the eliminatory
outlets, such as urine, defecation, or gas, except maniyy.
2.
Touching the penis or vagina, or the anus with
the inside of the bare hand (the palm).
3.
Losing the mind or losing consciousness
4.
Sleeping without having the buttocks firmly seated,
such as sleeping on the stomach, back, and on the side.
5.
Skin to skin contact with a member of the opposite
sex, who has reached an age where he or she is normally desired. (the
females whom one is not allowed to marry in any circumstance such as
his mother, sister etc. (are not included).
6.
If one of these matters happens to you during
prayer, you stop the actions of the prayer, perform wudu' and then start
the prayer from the beginning.
Ghusl (Full Shower)
You must perform a ghusl (full shower)
in order to pray after:
1.
You perform sexual intercourse.
2.
Your menstruation ends.
3.
Your postpartum bleeding ends.
4.
You give birth to a child, even if it was without
bleeding.
5.
Your maniyy is emitted
How to Perform Ghusl
After removing any najas from the body,
the ghusl is performed in the following way:
1.
It is obligatory for you to intend in the heart
to perform the obligation of ghusl when the water first touches your
body.
2.
It is obligatory to wash the whole body with
water, including all of the hair. It is recommended to to do this three
times.
When performing either the wudu' or ghusl,
all substances which prevent water from reaching the parts to be washed
and wiped must be removed. Examples are: nail polish on fingernails
and toenails and waterproof mascara.
Tayammum (Dry Purification)
In the absence of water or when unable
to use water, one may instead of performing wudu or ghusl perform tayammum.
This is stated in the Qur’an:
فَلَمْ تَجِدُواْ
مَاء فَتَيَمَّمُواْ
صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا
فَامْسَحُواْ
بِوُجُوهِكُمْ
وَأَيْدِيكُم
مِّنْهُ مَا
يُرِيدُ اللهُ
لِيَجْعَلَ
عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ
حَرَجٍ وَلَكِن
يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهَّرَكُمْ
وَلِيُتِمَّ
نِعْمَتَهُ
عَلَيْكُمْ
لَعَلَّكُمْ
تَشْكُرُونَ
{{6
This verse means: “If you do not find water,
then perform tayammum with the pure soil. Pass it onto your faces and
arms”. (al-Ma’idah, 6).
The Prophet said:
<<جُعِلَتْ
لنا الأرضُ كلٌُها
مَسْجِداً وجُعِلَتْ
تُربَتُها لنا
طَهُوراً>> رواه
مسلم
which means: “The earth is made a place
for our prayers, and its soil is made for our purification” (Muslim).
One must make sure that the time of the
prayer has set in before performing the tayammum. The tayammum is valid
for one obligatory prayer only and for as many optional prayers as one
wishes. However, one repeats the tayammum before each obligatory prayer.
How to perform Tayammum
Make sure that you have pure, dusty soil
unused before in tayammum (figure-1-).
Knowing the Prayers and their Times
You can pray only after being sure that
the prayer time is in. Hence, you need to learn how to recognize when
the prayer times come in and go out.
The Five Obligatory Prayers
Allah revealed:
حافظوا
على الصلوات
which means:
“Perform the [five obligatory] prayers” (al-Baqarah, 238).
The Messenger of Allah
said:
which means: “There are five prayers that
Allah obligated the slaves to perform. Whoever performs them properly
without belittling their obligation, Allah promised to admit him into
Paradise. Whoever leaves them out does not have a promise from Allah
to have Paradise without torture before. If He willed, He tortures him,
and if He willed, He forgives him”. Narrated by Ahmad in his Musnad.
It is obligatory to perform each of these
five prayers in its due time. It is better to perform each prayer early
in its time.
Dhuhr (Noon) Prayer [Four rak^ahs (cycles)]:
Its time begins when the sun has declined
westward from the middle of the sky (zenith). The time remains until
the length of the shadow of an object becomes equal to that of the object
per Se, in addition to the length of the shadow of that object when
the sun was at its zenith. For example, if the length of your shadow
when the sun is at its zenith is 5 feet and you are 6 feet high, then
once your shadow becomes 11 feet long the Dhuhr prayer time ends.
^Asr (Mid-afternoon) Prayer [Four rak^ahs]
As soon as the Dhuhr prayer time ends the
^Asr prayer time starts. Its time remains until sunset.
Maghrib (Sunset) Prayer [Three rak^ahs]
After the entire disk of the sun has set,
then the Maghrib prayer time begins. This prayer time lasts until the
redness has disappeared in the western horizon.
^Isha' (Nightfall) Prayer [Four rak^ahs]
As soon as the Maghrib prayer time is finished
the ^isha' prayer time begins. You can be certain that this prayer time
is in when you can see many small stars in the sky on a clear night.
This prayer time lasts until the true dawn appears.
Subh or Fajr (Dawn) Prayer [Two rak ^ahs]
The true dawn begins when we see light
spread at the horizon in the East. When the true dawn appears the Fajr
prayer time has begun and this prayer time remains until the first glimpse
of the disk of the sun appears on the Eastern horizon.
The Covering for the Prayer
The women must cover everything but their
faces and hands with a material which conceals the color of their skin.
The body must remain covered throughout the various movements of the
prayer. So if, for example upon bending, the woman’s scarf hangs forward
exposing her neck from an angle, this is not acceptable. Either the
woman needs to be sure that her clothing is tucked in properly to prevent
exposure, or she may put clothing over her normal clothing which does
not allow exposure at angles. This clothing has an added benefit in
that it conceals the shape of the body, for it is disliked for the shape
of the woman’s body to be apparent while she is praying.
For the man, his area between his navel
and his knees must be covered during the prayer. Like for the woman,
the material with which he covers this area must not be see-through;
that is, it must be opaque so as to conceal the color of the skin.
Chapter 2: The Salah (Prayer)
There are five (5) prayers which must be
performed by the Muslims and are called “obligatory” prayers. It is
a great sin to neglect performing any of these obligatory prayers. Among
the merits of performing the obligatory prayers is that one’s small
sins, which may be committed between prayers, are forgiven. The Prophet
, may Allah raise his rank, said:
which means: “Whoever makes a complete
wudu', his sins will depart his body, until they leave from under his
nails” (Muslim).
How to Perform the Dhuhr (Noon) Prayer
The Dhuhr Prayer is four rak^ahs
1.
Facing the Qiblah: It is obligatory to stand
directing your chest to the honorable Qiblah. The Qiblah is the Ka ^
bah in Makkah.
2.
Intention: It is obligatory to intend in your
heart performing the obligatory Dhuhr prayer. Do that while saying
الله
اكبر Allahu akbar
(God is great).
An example is to say in your heart “I intend to pray the obligatory Dhuhr prayer”.
3.
The Opening Takbir: It is obligatory to say Allahu
akbar at least as loud as you can hear yourself, while raising your
hands next to your ears. Raising your hands is a recommended part (figure-1-).
4.
Standing: It is obligatory to stand in the obligatory
prayer when able. It is recommended to hold the wrist of the left hand
with the right hand, placing both above the navel (figure-2a-2b).
5.
Reciting the Fatihah: It is obligatory to recite
the Fatihah (the first chapter of the Qur’an) at least as loud as you
can hear yourself. It is an obligation to recite the Fatihah properly,
that is, to pronounce all the letters correctly. Learn the recitation
of the Fatihah from a qualified teacher (see Appendix 3).
Whoever cannot recite the Fatihah correctly must recite other parts of the Qur’an, the number of letters of which should be at least equal to that of the Fajihah (156 letters). If one knows one or more qyahs of the Fatihah, one may repeat them as many times as would render minimally the same number of letters in the Fatihah. If one cannot recite any ayah of the Fatihah, one recites other ayahs of the Qur'an the letters of which add up to at least the same number of letters of the Fatihah. If one cannot recite any part of the Qur’an, one must recite certain words of dhikr, such as
subhanallah, al-hamdulillah, la ilaha illallah, and Allahu akbar (I declare that Allah is clear of all imperfections, praise and thanks to Allah, no one is God but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest) as many times as would render minimally the same number of letters in the Fatihah (Ibn Hibban an-Nawawiyy):
For example, reciting Allahu akbar twenty times is sufficient. In the unusual case of someone being unable to recite the Fatihah, other parts of the Qur’an, or dhikr statements one stands as long as reciting the Fatihah with moderate speed takes. It is recommended to say ءامين Amin (0 Allah, fulfill my request) after finishing the Fatihah, and to recite at least one verse from another chapter of the Qur’an in the first and second rak ah (see Appendix 5). It is also recommended before reciting the Fajihah in the first cycle to say the Tawajjuh supplication and then the isti adhah (asking for Allah’s protection from the cursed devil) (see Appendix 2).
6.
The Ruku^” (Bowing): It is obligatory to bend
at the waist until your palms can reach your knees (figure-3-) and stay
still in this position for at least the time it takes to say
سبحان
الله subhanallah.
It is recommended upon bending to raise your hands next to your ears and say Allahu akbar. Also it is recommended while in ruku^, to say three times: سُبحانَ رَبِّيَ العظيم subhana Rabbiyal- ^Adhim (Praise be to my Great Lord).
7.
The I^ tidal (Straightening up): It is obligatory
to straighten your back and stay still in this position for at least
the time it takes to say subhanallah (figure-4-). It is recommended
while raising your trunk to raise your hands next to your ears and to
say سَمعَ
اللهُ لِمَنْ
حَمِدَهُ sami^
allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears who praises Him). While your back
is straight up it is recommended to say رَبّنَا
لَكَ الحَمدُ
Rabbana lakal-hamd (0 our Lord, to You the praise is due).
8.
The Sujiud (Prostration): It is obligatory to
go down to the floor and prostrate by pressing your bare forehead, and
putting your palms, knees, and pads of the toes on the floor. Both feet
are kept vertical with the heels up and the toepads down touching the
floor. Stay still in this position for at least the time it takes to
say subhanallah (figure-5-).
It is recommended upon going down to the floor to raise your hands next to your ears and to say Allahu akbar. Also it is recommended while in sujud to say three times subhana Rabbiyal-'a la (Praise be to my Supreme Lord). It is also recommended while in sujud to place your hands next to your shoulders, having your fingers together directed towards the Qiblah. It is recommended for the male to keep his elbows away from his sides in his sujud and in his ruku ^, and to keep his abdomen lifted away from his thighs in his sujud (figure5a-5b). However, the female keeps her elbows pulled in to her sides in her sujud and ruku and keeps her trunk close to her thighs in her sujud (figure-5c-).
9.
The Sitting between the two Sujuds: It is obligatory
to raise your trunk from prostration and sit, staying still in this
position for at least the time it takes to say subhanallah (figure-6a-).
It is recommended to say Allahu akbar while coming to sitting. Also, it is recommended while sitting to say:
Rabbighfir li warhamni wajburni warfa ^ ^ni warzuqni wahdini wa ^afini (0 my Lord, forgive me, have mercy on me, fulfill my needs, raise me, provide for me, guide me, and protect me from sickness). It is also recommended to do the sitting with the left foot tucked under the buttocks while the right foot is kept vertical as in sujud (figure-6b-).
An alternate recommended way of sitting is to rest the buttocks on the heels of both feet which are kept as in sujud (figure-6c-) It is recommended that the hands be placed on the thighs at the knees with the fingers extended and spread slightly towards the Qiblah.
10.
It is obligatory to perform a second sujud from
your sitting position. This sujud is similar to the first sujud.
After the second sujud is fulfilled you have completed the first rak^ah (cycle) of the prayer.
11.
It is obligatory to stand up for the second rak^ah
. It is recommended while doing so to say Allahu akbar. Repeat steps
5 to 10. This ends your second rak^ah .
12.
It is recommended at this time to sit up from
sujud, recite the Tashahhud (see Appendix 4), and say
Allahumma salli ^ala Muhammad (see Appendix 4) at least as loud as you
can hear yourself. It is recommended to sit with the feet as in step 9. An alternate way of sitting is to rest the buttocks on both crossed feet (figure-7-). It is also recommended to keep both hands on your thighs. The fingertips of your left hand should be spread towards your knee. In this sitting, the fingers of the right hand are lightly fisted except for the index finger which is extended slightly down (figure-8a-). The index finger is lifted slightly at saying إلاّ الله illallah (in the Tashahhud) and is kept as such until the end of this sitting (figure-8b-).
13.
It is obligatory to stand up and do two more
rak^ahs in the same way that you did from steps 5 to 11. It is recommended
while rising for the third rak ^ah to raise your hands next to your
ears and say Allahu akbar. However, raising the hands is not recommended
while rising for the fourth rak^ah .
14.
Upon completion of the second sujud of the last
rak^ah, it is obligatory to sit up, recite the Tashahhud, and say Allahumma
salli ^ala Muhammad (see Appendix 4).
It is recommended to keep the hands as in step 12. However, after the index finger is lifted slightly at saying illallah it is kept as such until the end of the prayer. For this sitting it is also recommended to pass the left foot past the right leg and place the buttocks on the floor, keeping the right foot as in sujuji (figure-9-).
Afterwards, it is recommended to say (see Appendix 4). Then it is recommended to say a supplication such as:
Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanah, wa fil- ‘akhirati hasanah, wa qina ^adhaban-nar, which means: “0 our Lord, grant us in this life and in the Hereafter good things, and protect us from the torture of the Hellfire”.
15.
The Ending Salam: It is obligatory to say
assalamu ^alaykum at least as loud as you can hear yourself. It is
recommended to say 
as-salamu ^alaykum wa Rahmatullah first to one’s right and then to one’s
left (figure-10-).By saying this your Dhuhr prayer is ended.
How to Perform the ^Asr (Mid-afternoon) and ^Isha' (Nightfall) Prayers
The ^Asr and ^Isha' prayers are performed
exactly as the Dhuhr prayer. However, in step 2 you intend the obligatory
^Asr and ^ ^Isha’ prayers, respectively. Moreover, it is recommended
to recite the Qur'an in a louder manner in the first two rak^ahs “ of
the ^Isha’ prayer.
How to Perform the Maghrib (Sunset) Prayer
The three rak^ahs ^ of the Maghrib prayer
are performed exactly as the first three rak^ahs of ^Isha’. After the
second sujud of the third rak^ah it is obligatory to sit up and do steps
14 and 15.
How to Perform the Subh or Fajr (Dawn) Prayer
The two rak^ahs “ of the Fajr (or Subh)
prayer are performed exactly like the first two rak^ahs of the ^Isha’
prayer, but with the intention of performing the obligatory Fajr (or
Subh) prayer.
After the second sujud of the second rak^ah
^ , do steps 14 and 15. Also after saying Rabbana lakal-hamd in the
I^tidal (step 7) of the second rak^ah ^ , it is recommended to say the
Qunut supplication (see Appendix 6) at least as loud as you can hear
yourself.
Invalidators of the Prayer
In addition to leaving out the obligatory
parts, there are other matters that invalidate the prayer. They must
be known to be avoided. Among these matters are:
1.
Saying words other than the words of the prayer
intentionally, remembering that one is praying, and knowing that it
is forbidden to do so.
2.
Making many moves for a time that is enough to
make one rak^ah .
3.
Performing an excessive move, such as an excessive
jump.
4.
Adding an extra obligatory action such as making
two ruku^s or three sujuds in one rak^ah, on purpose and while remembering
that one is praying.
5.
Making one move with the intention of playing,
such as to extend one’s tongue or to wink playfully.
6.
Eating or drinking even a small amount while
remembering one is praying.
7.
Invalidating one’s ablution, such as passing
gas or urine.
8.
Intending in the heart to interrupt the prayer.
Intending to interrupt it if a specific matter happens, such as if one
holds: “if the door bell rings I will interrupt my prayer”, invalidates
the prayer immediately.
The Jam^ah (Congregational) Prayer
It is very rewardable to perform the five
obligatory prayers in congregation. This can be done in the masjids
(mosques) and elsewhere. In the congregational prayer one person (imam)
leads the prayer, with one (ma’mum) or more persons following him. The
reward of the prayer performed in congregation is 27 times that of the
one performed individually, as mentioned in the hadith narrated by Imam
Muslim:
While following the imam in the congregational
prayer:
The Jumu^ah (Friday) Prayer
Friday is the best day of the week. On
Friday there are certain blessings that may be bestowed particular to
that day. The Muslim men are required to attend the Friday prayer as
stated in the Holy Qur’an (al-Jumu ^ah, 9):
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ ءامَنُوا
إِذَا نُودِي
لِلصَّلاةِ
مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ
فَاسْعَوْا
إِلَى ذِكْرِ
اللهِ وَذَرُوا
الْبَيْعَ ذَلِكُمْ
خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ
إِن كُنتُمْ
تَعْلَمُونَ
Prophet Muhammad said:
which means: “Performing the Jumu ^ah prayer
is an obligation upon every [male] pubescent person.” (anNasa'iyy)
Although not obligated, women can pray the Friday prayer.
The Friday prayer is usually performed
in a congregation at a mosque. It is performed in the Dhuhr prayer time,
replacing the Dhuhr prayer for that day. Instead of the four rak ^ahs
of the Dhuhr prayer, you pray only two rak^ahs and begin your prayer
intending to pray the congregational Friday prayer instead of intending
the Dhuhr prayer.
If you miss joining the group of the Friday
prayer, then you must pray the Dhuhr prayer with its normal four rak
^ahs.
At the Friday prayer, the group listens
attentively to two speeches which the imam gives before the prayer.
Both the speeches and the prayer are done in the Dhuhr prayer time,.
and the prayer follows immediately after the speeches.
Janazah (Funeral) Prayer
Upon the death of a Muslim, Muslims are
obligated to pray for him. Just like in the obligatory prayers, one
must have wudu’.
However, the Funeral prayer does not have
ruku ^ or sujud. It is recommended that the dead person be laid in front
of the imam.
How to Perform the Janazah (Funeral) Prayer
1.
Stand facing the Qiblah with your chest.
2.
Have the intention: “I intend to pray the Funeral
prayer for this dead Muslim” while saying: Allahu akbar.
3.
Recite the Fatihah softly, then say Allahu akbar.
4.
Say
Allahumma salli ^ ala Muhammad. It is better if you recite the whole
Salatul-Ibrahimiyyah, then say Allahu akbar.
5.
Make supplication for the dead Muslim
Allahumma-ghfir lahu warhamh (u). It is better to include other Muslims
and to say:
Allahumma-ghfir lihayyina wa mayyitina, wa shahidina wa gha’ibina wa saghirina wa kabirina, wa dhakarina wa unthana. Allahumma man ahyaytahu minna fa ahyihi ^alal-Islam, wa man tawaffaytahu minna fa tawaffahu ^alal-’iman. This means: “0 Allah, forgive our dead and alive, our present and absent, our young and old, our male and female [Muslims]. 0 Allah, whomever among us You gave life, let him live with Islam. Whomever among us You took life from, let him die with Iman (Faith)”. Then say Allahu akbar.
6.
It is recommended to say:
Allahumma la tahrimna ajrahu wa la taftinna ba ^dah(u), which means: “0 Allah, do not deprive us of the reward of our praying for him, and do not test us after him”.
7.
Say as-salamu ^ alaykum. It is recommended to
say: assalamu ^alaykum wa rahmatullah while turning the head to the
right, then to say it while turning to the left.
Upon consoling a Muslim for the death of his Muslim beloved you say:
a ^ dhama-llau ajrak(a), wa ahsana ^aza'ak(a), wa ghafara limayyitik, which means: “May Allah reward you greatly, give you good patience, and forgive your deceased (loved) one”. However, upon consoling a Muslim concerning the death of a non-Muslim relative, you say:
a^dhama-llahu ajrak(a), wa sabbarak, which means: “May Allah reward you greatly and give you patience.” Appendix 1What is Recommended to Say After Finishing Wudu'?
Du ^a'-ul-Wudu'
Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah (u), wahdahu
la sharika lah (u), wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ^ abduhu wa rasuluh (u).
Allahumma-j ^ alni minat-tawwabin (a), waj ^ alni minalmutatahhirin.
Subhanaka-llahumma wa bi hamdik (a), ashhadu alla ilaha illa ant (a),
astaghfiruka wa atubu ilayk.
The Meaning of the Wudu’ (Ablution) Supplication
I testify that no one is God but Allah,
alone, without a partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and
messenger. 0 Allah, make me among the frequent repenters and make me
among the purified. Praise and thanks be to You, 0 Allah. I testify
that no one is God but You. I ask You for forgiveness and I repent to
You.
Appendix 2What is Recommended to Say After Finishing the Opening Takbir
Du ^a'uliftitah or Du ^a'ut-Tawajjuh
Wajjahtu wajhiya lilladhi fataras-samawati
wal-’arda hanifam Muslima, wa ma ‘ana minal-mushrikin. ‘Inna salati
wa nusuki wa mahyaya wa mamati lillahi rabbil ^alamin (a), la sharika
lah (u), wa bi dhalika ‘umirt (u), wa ‘ana minal-Muslimin.
The Meaning of the Opening or Tawajjuh Supplication
I direct myself in worship to the One Who
created the heavens and Earth, following the upright path, being a Muslim,
and not among those who associate partners with Allah. Surely, my prayer,
my acts of worship in obedience, my life, and my death belong to Allah,
the Lord of the worlds, Who has no partner. With this I was ordered,
And I am one of the Muslims.
What is Recommended to Say Before the Fatihah
Alisti ^adhah
A^udhu billahi minash-shaytanir-rajm
The Meaning of the Isti ^adhah
I seek refuge with Allah
from the [harm of the] cursed devil.
Appendix 3What Must be Recited in Every Rak^ah
سورة الفاتحة
بِسْمِ اللهِ
الرَّحْمَنِ
الرَّحِيمِ
{1} الْحَمْدُ
للهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
{2} الرَّحْمنِ
الرَّحِيمِ
{3} مَلِكِ يَوْمِ
الدِّينِ {4} إِيَّاكَ
نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ
نَسْتَعِينُ
{5} اهدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ
المُستَقِيمَ
{6} صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ
أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ
غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ
عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ
الضَّالِّينَ
{7}
Suratul-Fatihah
1.
Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim.
2.
Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil- ^alamin
3.
Ar-Rahmanir-Rahim.
4.
Maliki yawmid-Din.
5.
Iyyaka na^budu wa iyyaka nasta^in.
6.
Ihdinas-siratal-mustaqim
7.
Siratal-ladhina an ^amta ^alayhim,
Ghayril-maghdubi ^alayhim wa lad-dallin.
The Meaning of the Fatihah
1.
I start my recitation with the Name of Allah
(the One Who deserves to be worshipped), Who is ar-Rahman (the One Who
is merciful to both Muslims and non-Muslims in this life), and ar-Rahim
(the One Who is merciful to Muslims only in the Hereafter).
2.
Praise and thanks to Allah, the Rabb (Owner)
of the worlds (of angels, humans, jinn, and others) for the givings
He granted without Him being obligated to do so.
3.
He is ar-Rahman (the One Who is merciful to both
Muslims and non-Muslims in this life), and ar-Rahim (the One Who is
merciful to Muslims only in the Hereafter).
4.
He is the Owner of the Day of Judgment.
5.
To You (Allah) only we dedicate worship (the
ultimate subjugation), and from You (Allah) only we seek help.
6.
Keep us guided (firmly) on the Straight Path
(Islam),
7.
Which is the Path of those upon whom You bestowed
guidance by Islam (prophets and other Muslims), not the path of those
whom You willed to punish, or the path of those who went astray.
Appendix 4What is Said in the Sitting
At-Tashahhud was-Salatul-'Ibrahimiyyah
At-Tahiyyatul-mubarakat, as-salawatut-tayyibatu
lillah. AsSalamu ^alayka ayyuhan-Nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
As-Salamu ^alayna wa ^ala ^ibadillahis-salihin Ashhadu alla ‘ilaha illallah,
wa ashhadu anna Muhammadar-Rasulullah. (End of the Tashahhud)
Allahumma salli ^ala Muhammad, (This completes
the obligation) wa ^ala 'Ali Muhammad, kama sallayta ^ala ‘Ibrahim,
wa ^ala 'Ali ‘Ibrahim. ‘Innaka Hamidum Majid. Allahumma barik ^ala Muhammad,
wa ^ala 'Ali Muhammad, kama barakta ^ala ‘Ibrahim, wa ^ala 'Ali ‘Ibrahim.
‘Innaka Hamidum Majid.
The Meaning of the Tashahhud and Salatul-’IbrahimiyyahThe blessed salutations, Five Prayers, and the good deeds are all owned by Allah. 0 Prophet of Allah, may the safety from infirmities, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings be upon you. May safety be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I profess (know, believe, and declare) that no one is God but Allah, and I profess that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 0 Allah, we ask You to raise the rank of Muhammad, and have mercy upon the Al (wives, Muslim kin, and pious Muslim followers) of Muhammad, as You raised the rank of Ibrahim, and the Al of Ibrahim. Verily, You are the One Who deserves to be praised and thanked, and the One Who is glorified. 0 Allah, we ask You to bless Muhammad, and the Al of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim, and the Al of Ibrahim. Verily, You are the One Who deserves to be praised and thanked, and the One Who is glorified. Appendix 5
Examples of What Could be Recited After the Fatihah
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Appendix 6
What is Said in the I^tidal of the Second Rak^ah of the Fajr Prayer
Du^aul-Qunut
Allahummahdini fiman hadayt (a), wa ^afini fiman
^afayt (a), wa tawallani fiman tawallayt (a), wa barik li fima a^tayt
(a). Wa qini sharra ma qadayt (a), fa ‘innaka taqdi wa la yuqda ^alayk
(a). Wa ‘innahu la yadhillu maw walayt(a), wa la ya^izzu man ^adayt
(a). Tabarakta Rabbana wa ta^alayt (a). Fa lakal-hamdu ^ala ma qadayt
(a). Astagfiruka wa atubu ilayk (a). Wa sallallahu ^ala Muhammad (iwwa)
^ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallam.
The Meaning of the Qunut Supplication
O Allah, guide me among those whom You guided, relieve
me from sickness among those whom You relieved, support me among those
whom You supported, bless for me what You gave me. Protect me against
the evil of what You created, for You are the One Who orders (ordains)
and not the One Who is ordered (ordained for). Whomever You support
is not weakened and ignored, and whomever You oppose is not dignified.
O our Lord, may Your givings increase. You are the Supreme One Whose
status is high and great and You are clear of any imperfection. Praise
is due for what You ordained. I ask You for forgiveness and I repent
to You. May Allah raise the rank of Muhammad, and his Al and Companions.
May Allah protect the Prophet’s Nation from what he feared for it.
TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM
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